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최신 PRAXIS Certification PRAXIS2 무료샘플문제

문제 #1
Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented
opportunities-as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the
principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics and the other minority groups have difficulty establishing
themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated
by large companies. Now congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded
federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their
efforts to do so on forms field with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone
so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority
enterprises.
Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of
corporate contracts with minority business rose from $77 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of
corporate contracts with minority business for the early 1980's is estimated to be over $3 billion per year
with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased
patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending
themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses they often need to
make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work
subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face
potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small
entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and
resources and a small company's efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial
health of the business will suffer.
A second risk is that White-owned companies may-seek to cash inon the increasing apportion-ments
through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns, of course, in many instances there are
legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, white and minority enterprises can team up to acquire
business that neither could Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate
customer often runs the danger of becoming and remaining dependent. Even in the best of circumstances,
fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to
broaden their customer bases; when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate
benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.
It can be inferred from the passage that the existence of only a limited number of Indigo bunting figures
servers primarily to

A. avoid confusion between species by clearly demarcating the figure patterns of each specials
B. maintain the integrity of the species by restricting the degree of figure variation and change
C. enhance species recognition by decreasing the number of figure patterns to which the bird must
respond
D. increase population density by eliminating ambiguity in the figures to which the females must respond
E. ensure species survival by increasing competition among the fittest males for the females

문제 #2
At this time of the year, the transition period, the skin gets affected by the changes in the weather. The
skin becomes very dry as it has to face the cold harsh winds and the scorching sun at the same time. It's
hence very important to take extra care of your skin, so that it does not get damaged.
Which of the following is most likely the advice given by the author of the above paragraph?

A. Massage the hands, legs and other parts of the body with a good skin lotion.
B. Chapped lips can be easily treated with milk cream.
C. Scrubbing the skin to free it of dead cells in the dry areas is also very important.
D. Moisturize the skin on a daily basis.
E. Keep yourself hydrated by drinking 10 -14 glasses of water everyday

문제 #3
The fossil remain of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists for more
than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted
hangglider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly
what these creatures were-reptiles or birds-are among the questions scientist have puzzled over.
Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls,
pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the
class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a wing like
membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharp claws, In birds the second finger is the
principle strut of the wing, which consists primarily of features. If the pterosaur walked or remained
stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V-shape
along side of the animal's body.
The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not
surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the
pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a saving in weight. In the birds,
however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts. Although scales typically cover
reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. T.H. Huxley reasoned that flying vertebrates must have
been warm blooded because flying implies a high internal temperature. Huxley speculated that a coat of
hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the body to reduce drag in flight. The
recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long, dense, and relatively thick hairlike fossil
material was the first clear evidenced that his reasoning was correct.
Efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became air-borne have led to suggestions that they launched
themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees, or even by rising into light winds from the crests
of waves. Each hypothesis has its difficulties. The first wrongly assumes that the pterosaur's hind feet
resembled a bat's and could served as hooks by which the animal could bang in preparation for flight. The
second hypothesis seems unlikely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without
damaging their wings. The birds call for high waves to channels updrafts. The wind that made such waves
however, might have been too strong for the pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne.
The authors quotes Whiteman primarily in order to

A. demonstrate that the poet is concerned with the well being of all humans
B. show that the poet not agree with Emerson
C. illustrate a way the poet expresses the relationship of the individual to the humanistic universe
D. suggest that the poet adapts the basis premises of humanism to his own individual outlook on the
world
E. indicate the way the poet uses the humanists ideal to praise himself

문제 #4
A teacher is making five children stand in a row. Each child is assigned a number tag before being made
to stand in the row. The tags are not necessarily according to their positions.
Amy, Tara, Xenia, Yana, Pam are the children and they are given numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
The following conditions apply:
Exactly one number is given to a child.
Pam must be made to stand fourth and assigned number 1.
4 must be assigned to Yana.
Tara and Xenia must each be made to stand in one of the extreme positions.
Xenia cannot be given either number 2 or 3.
All of the following is either true or can be true except

A. Pamis standing fourth.
B. Tara is assigned number 2.
C. Yana cannot stand in any even position.
D. Xenia can neither be given number 2 nor stand second.
E. Amy is not standing in an extreme position.

문제 #5
Anita is planning her time table for eight hours numbered one through eight, consecutively. She wants
one hour for studying history, two for geography, one for civics and four for maths. Her plans are
according to the following conditions:
She cannot study geography for two hours consecutively The time table must begin with either geography
or history and must end with either geography or history.
If history is studied in the second hour and if civics is studied in the fifth hour, all of the following must be
true except

A. geography is studied in the fourth hour
B. maths is studied immediately after civics
C. geography is studied immediately after maths
D. geography is studied in the eighth hour
E. maths is studied in the third hour

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